Prepared by Barbara Rose Johnston, CfHR Chair
January 30, 2001
Committee Background, Mission and Objectives
The AAA has involved itself in human rights issues sporadically for most of its existence, beginning with Franz Boas. The Camelot debate of the 1960s and the Thailand issues of the early 1970s are the most prominent AAA human rights events of more recent times. In 1990 the AAA appointed a Special Commission, chaired by Terence Turner, to investigate the acutely jeopardized homelands of the Brazilian Yanomami. The report of the Special Commission (1991) and subsequent AAA intervention appears to have played a role in stopping the appropriation of all but small, isolated reserves in the Yanomami area and precipitating Brazilian agreement to a very large, contiguous Yanomami homeland. The Yanomami action added momentum to the idea that the AAA have a permanent mechanism to deal with human rights matters. In 1992, the AAA Executive Board approved formation of the Commission on Human Rights, issuing three: to develop a human rights conceptual framework and identify relevant human rights issues, to develop human rights education and networking, and to develop and implement mechanisms for organizational action on issues affecting the AAA, its members and the discipline. The Commission carried out these charges through their active involvement in human rights cases, in presentations and forums at the AAA's annual meetings, in building networks of human rights anthropologists, and in the publication of statements. The work of the Commission led to the formation of the Committee for Human Rights (CfHR) ), established in 1995 as the permanent successor to the Commission.
The CfHR is a permanent committee of the AAA that reports to the Executive Board and whose efforts are reviewed by the Association Operations Committee every five years. The CfHR is composed of 10 members, 8 of which are elected by the AAA membership and serve three-year terms, with another 2 ex-officio members (the AAA President and the AAA President-elect). The committee chair is elected by its members. The committee is staffed by the AAA Director of Government Relations, and receives pro bono counsel from an anthropologist/human rights lawyer. See attachment ?A? for a list of current and past CfHR members, staff and counsel.
With respect to the American Anthropological Association, the Committee's work falls broadly into internal and external categories. The Committee's internal mission is to stimulate informed involvement in the human rights area among professional anthropologists through publications, panels, and network building. The Committee's external mission is to gather information on selected, anthropologically relevant, cases of human rights abuse and to propose action in the name of the Association to the Association's leadership. Committee goals, objectives and implementing strategies, and are posted as ?CfHR Guidelines? on the CfHR website. At their April 1, 2000 meeting the CfHR further refined their guidelines to include the following objectives:
CfHR efforts to achieve these objectives occur at the biannual meetings of the CfHR, at the annual conference of the AAA, and throughout the year, through committee task force work, and through case-specific requests for urgent action. The CfHR has posted their operating guidelines on their website, and periodically reprints these in the Anthropology newsletter. These guidelines include procedures for submitting human rights cases to the CfHR, and operating procedures for responding to membership issues and complaints.
This report briefly describes those actions and activities taken by the CfHR in the first five years of its life that represent evidence of effort to achieve the above objectives. It also includes a brief summary of actions taken in 1995, the last year of the Human Rights Commission whose members were then appointed to the first year of the new CfHR (1996). This summary is taken from the annual reports of the Human Rights Commission and its predecessor, the Committee for Human Rights. A more complete description of these efforts and the supporting documents (letters, reports and other briefing documents) can be found in the annual reports and supporting documents posted on the CfHR website. Finally, as evidence of activity addressing the innternal and extrernal committment to promote and protect human rights rights, this report includes a summary of relevant human rights-related publications prepared by members of the CfHR during their years of service (attachment 2).
Activities and Actions of the AAA Commission for Human Rights in 1995
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS - 1995
Human Rights Commission members in 1995 include Leslie Sponsel (chair),
Patrick Morris, Robert Hitchcock, George Appell, Carole Nagengast, Victor
Montejo, Ellen Messer, and Terence Turner.
The Human Rights Commission finalized its ?Planning Document? outlining the need for and a AAA Committee on Human Rights, identifying the Committee mission, and identifying procedures to implement this mission. The Planning Document supported the establishment of a permanent Committee for Human Rights, approved by the Committee on External Relations and the Administrative Advisory Committee in May 1995 and the Executive Board in early October 1995. The new Committee for Human Rights will commence operations the day after the 1995 AAA annual meeting ends. The Committee will have a new chair and some new members, although a few members from the Commission will remain on the Committee to provide continuity. Initially the new members will be appointed by the AAA President with advisory input from the Commission.
INTERNAL ACTIONS: Addressing the Membership - 1995
The Human Rights Commission continued to develop a guide to teaching
resources on anthropological aspects of human rights. Solicitation by
the Commission of human rights bibliography, syllabi, and list of key
issues and questions.
Human Rights Commission events at the 1995 annual meeting.
EXTERNAL HUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVES - 1995
During the spring business meeting of the Commission at the AAA headquarters
on April 20-22, 2000 the Commission met with representatives from Inter-American
Commission on Human Rights of the Organization of American States, US
AID, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Amnesty International, and World Bank
to discuss human rights issues and the role of anthropology in human
rights advocacy.
Case Actions: During 1995 the Human Rights Commission recommended action and AAA President Jim Peacock sent letters of concern on the cases of Chiapas in Mexico, the Karinya in Venezuela, and proposed congressional cuts in the budget of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Activities and Actions of the AAA Committee for Human Rights in 1996
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS - 1996
CfHR members in 1996 include Tom Greaves (chair), Robert K. Hitchcock,
Ellen Messer, C. Patrick Morris (deceased), Carole Nagengast, Jennifer
Schirmer, Leslie Sponsel, and Terence Turner.
The CfHR continued to refine their mission, objectives and procedures, noting that the CfHR provides leadership in bringing human rights issues to the attention of the AAA membership, in facilitating dialog, and in stimulating membership decisions with respect to AAA involvement in human rights matters. Outside the organization, the CfHR identifies issues and initiatives, assembles the relevant support information, and proposes AAA actions where they may be appropriate and useful. Meeting these responsibilities requires efforts year-round involvement by the CfHR .In fulfillment of these activities we maintain a close working relationship with the AAA president and executive staff. The CfHR's work occurs under the purview of the AAA Executive Board, which has assigned to the Committee on External Relations responsibility for the annual review of our activities.
The CfHR reported the recent death of one of its members, Patrick Morris (September 1996). Patrick Morris also played a leadership role as a member of the Commission on Human Rights that generated the CfHR. His inspirational leadership was a catalyst in the growing anthropological commitment to human rights, especially as it affects the world's indigenous peoples.
Directory of Anthropologists interested in Human Rights. The Committee completed prior work on a directory containing 117 individuals, full contact information, and their specific interests within the human rights field. This currently is used internally by the CfHR for identifying consultation sources, candidates for service on its task groups, and candidates for service on the committee itself. The directory is computerized and indexed by HR (human rights) topic. A parallel, indexed directory of several dozen cognate HR organizations is nearly complete.
A frequently updated Contacts Guide used by committee members to contact each other, AAA officials, and cognate human rights organizations has been compiled to facilitate the continuous working of the committee.
The committee has identified liaisons with 14 other organizations to exchange information and to alert us to occasions where joint efforts between the AAA and other groups maybe useful.
The CfHR's spring meeting was held at AAA headquarters on May 10-11, 1996. President Moses participated fully in our deliberations and in the formulation of our plans for subsequent activities. Six of the eight CfHR members were, by design, members of the previous Commission for Human Rights. At the rate of two each year, the remaining six carry-over members will be replaced as the CfHR transitions to a system of 4-year terms. At the spring meeting the schedule for completing the terms of office was agreed upon and set in motion. Also, the status of emeritus members was established to maintain access to the assistance of former members of the CfHR in service to its goals. Drs. George Appell and Victor Montejo are now emeritus members.
INTERNAL ACTIONS: Addressing the Membership - 1996
AAA CfHR Home Page Planning. Web-based publication is an essential tool
in keeping the AAA membership informed of the CfHR's activities and
encouraging member feedback and input to the committee. The CfHR has
begun compiling AAA letters and study reports generated by its activities,
its directory (where individuals have given permission for a public
listing), reports of CfHR activities and current projects, and information
on CfHR-initiated events at the Annual Meeting to place on the web site,
once the AAA policy regarding the content of the web site has been clarified.
Statement on Human Rights and Anthropology. The CfHR is drafting a statement defining the connections between human rights and the practice of professional anthropology. Our intention is eventually to propose this statement to the AAA membership for adoption as an AAA position statement. The draft statement will be circulated for initial comment and input at the San Francisco meetings in 1996.
The CfHR is working with papers from the 1995 meeting session on Human Rights: Universalism and Relativism. Selected papers from that session, plus others specially commissioned, are to be submitted to the Journal of Anthropological Research as a special issue, edited by Terence Turner.
CfHR events at the 1996 Annual Meeting. In addition to its own meetings the CfHR will conduct four events in San Francisco: a panel, a workshop, a "dialog," and an open forum/report to the membership. In addition, the CfHR has endorsed two additional panels which have been accepted in the program.
Curriculum Project. The Committee has assembled a core collection of course syllabi, a bibliography exceeding 100 pages, videos and associated materials. The resource has been distributed in response to requests, and is intended primarily for AAA members wishing to develop courses or course sections dealing with the anthropology of human rights. Our intention is to make this material available through the AAA web site.
EXTERNAL HUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVES- 1996
White Papers and Task Groups. As a means of fostering the development
of position statements on certain recurring varieties of human rights
abuse, the CfHR has established a commitment to drafting white papers
and to appointing Task Forces on specific issues. The underlying purpose
of these efforts is to address not only specific, compelling cases of
human rights abuse, but also varieties of abuse that, sadly, occur repeatedly
and in widely separated places. The CfHR has identified ?ethnic cleansing?
as its first Task Force topic and will be commissioning a task group
consisting of committee and non-committee members, to generate an extensive
report linking professional anthropology with the specific rights abuse,
and a concise position statement. The report and the statement are to
be vetted at an AAA annual meeting and eventually submitted as a position
statement and background report of the AAA.
Human Rights Case Interventions. The CfHR's work in
developing AAA responses to specific cases of human rights abuse attracts
much public and member attention, although these activities are only
one component of our work. Indeed it is imperative that the Committee
not permit a large number of compelling abuse cases to threaten its
attention to its other missions. While the CfHR retains flexibility
in how it responds to specific HR cases, the following steps have been
drafted to guide the deliberations and actions of the CfHR:
(1). A proposal to take up a specific case is considered by the CfHR.
The CfHR's process of case selection takes into account not only the
relevance of the case to anthropology, but also the potential of the
AAA's intervention to attenuate the abuse. If approved,
(2). An investigative report ("briefing document") is developed, drawing
on consultations with colleagues who are familiar with the specifics
of the case.
(3). A plan for an appropriate AAA response is developed. Where appropriate
a letter of protest, list of addressees, links to other associations
and organizations, and other actions may be included.
(4). These materials are conveyed to the AAA executive director who
may append comments and send the proposal to the AAA president for approval
and action in the name of the AAA.
(5). Once approved, the CfHR may assist in the dissemination of the
report and AAA letters, in their conveyance to appropriate colleagues
and networks, and, where relevant, to overseas anthropological colleagues
and associations.
(6) The CfHR may continue to follow developments on the case and
issue subsequent updates on its first briefing document and proposed
additional AAA actions.
(7). Report of the action is made to the membership in the CfHR's annual
session at the annual meeting. It is hoped that the AAA web site can
be an additional locus of the briefing document, letters, and associated
materials.
Human Rights Cases taken up by the CfHR and acted upon
by President Moses in 1996:
Nigerian executions (AAA letter of protest)
Activities and Actions of the AAA Committee for Human Rights in 1997
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS - 1997
Terms of committee membership are for four years, ending and beginning
on the final day of the AAA annual meeting. CfHR members are Robert
Hitchcock (Term ending 11/97); Terence Turner (Term ending 11/97); Carole
Nagengast (11/98); Ellen Messer (11/98); Jennifer Schirmer (11/99 );
Tom Greaves, chair (11/99); Linda Rabben (11/00); James Peacock (11/00).
Ellen Gruenbaum was elected by AAA ballot to the committee for a term
running from November 1997 to November 2001. Barbara Johnston was appointed
to the committee by President Moses for a term running from November
1997 to November 2001.
INTERNAL ACTIONS: Addressing the Membership - 1997
Annual Meeting Events. In addition to our two committee working meetings
scheduled during the 1997 AAA annual meeting, the CfHR sponsored a two-part
panel organized by Leslie Sponsel, "Mining, Oil, Environment, People
and Rights in the Amazon." The CfHR helped arrange a workshop and session
on the application of forensics to human rights abuse documentation
by Karen Ramey Burns (cosponsored by AAA and AAAS). The CfHR held an
Open Forum during the meeting to get broad membership input on: (1)
a question of how privatization is shifting development projects to
agencies and corporations which are not accountable for human and cultural
rights, with specific reference to the case of World Bank/IFC funding
of a hydroelectric dam in Chile involving the involuntary displacement
of indigenous peoples and (2) on the plans of the Task Group on Ethnic
Cleansing.
Committee Web Site. The CfHR reviewed draft plans for a CfHR webpage on the AAA website. Plans address five general functions: (1) information on how to contact members of the committee to convey human rights information and concerns, (2) information enabling members to ascertain the role, scope, history and activities of the committee, (3) information helpful to AAA members seeking to work or teach in human rights issues, or to collaborate with others doing the same, (4) information prepared by the committee on specific cases of human rights abuse and (5) bibliographic and teaching resources for the anthropology of human rights. Arranged in a hierarchy of linked elements, the Committee agreed to a site that includes:
EXTERNAL HUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVES - 1997
In reviewing human rights case work to date, the CfHR observed that
the Committee has generally taken action in two types of cases. One
is where anthropologists or their associates are themselves threatened
because their professional work reveals an officially embarrassing instance
of human rights abuse. A second is where a specific ethnic and minority
group is subjected to human rights abuse, or threat thereof, targeted
as a result of its cultural distinctiveness.
In 1997 the CfHR has information on two instances where an anthropologist has been threatened for revealing human rights abuse, and on eight instances where the human rights of cultural and indigenous minorities are at issue. The cases on which we have gathered data in 1997 are located in Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Japan, Sudan, Uganda and Venezuela. Confidentiality considerations inhibit our ability to report on the specific groups involved until the Committee has formally completed its review of issues, prepared recommended actions, and the AAA President has decided upon a course of action.
The Committee is also monitoring developments in the struggle over the draft Universal Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, currently stalled in the UN, and a similar effort within the OAS.
Draft Declaration on Anthropology and Human Rights. The Committee has finished work on a concise statement on Anthropology and Human Rights. This declaration has been forwarded to the AAA leadership with recommendation that it be adopted as an AAA position statement.
Task Groups on Human Rights Abuse. The committee has inaugurated two working units we call "task groups." Their purpose is to provide a means by which the Committee can address human rights abuses which are, regrettably, "generic"--that is, of a type that occurs repeatedly. Task groups are intended to work over an 18 month period to define their area, assemble scholarship on the issue, consult relevant colleagues on the matter, and draft a white paper and proposed position statement for Committee review and then forwarding to the AAA leadership. The two task groups are (1) the Task Group on Ethnic Cleansing, co-chaired by Carole Nagengast and James Peacock, and (2) the recently established Task Group on the Human Rights of Women, chaired by Ellen Gruenbaum. Our Ethnic Cleansing task group will be seeking membership input at the Committee's Open Forum at the 1997 Annual meeting. The Task Group on the Human Rights of Women will be accomplishing preliminary organization at the 1997 meeting.
Activities and Actions of the AAA Committee for Human Rights in 1998
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS - 1998
The Committee?s membership for 1998 has been Carole Nagengast (11/98);
Ellen Messer (11/98); Jennifer Schirmer (11/99 ); Tom Greaves, chair
(11/99); Linda Rabben (12/00); James Peacock (12/00); Ellen Gruenbaum
(12/01); Barbara Johnston (12/01); Megan Biesele (2002); Lucia Ann McSpadden
(1999).
Transitioning Under the AAA Reorganization Plan. At the end of 1998 the CfHR will cease being a group of members serving four-year terms, half elected and half appointed, and begin to transition to the AAA?s new, all elected, three-year term standard. Thus in December, 1998 Carole Nagengast and Ellen Messer will end four years of committee service. Their places will be taken by Megan Biesele who was elected to a four-year term on the 1998 ballot, and Lucia Ann McSpadden who was appointed to a one-year term ending in December, 1999. As each committee position becomes open it converts to a three-year elected position.
INTERNAL ACTIONS: Addressing the Membership - 1998
The Declaration on Anthropology and Human Rights. The AAA Executive
Board, at their spring 1998 meeting, directed that the proposed Declaration
on Anthropology and Human Rights be published in the Anthropology Newsletter
(appearing in the September 1998 issue). The draft declaration was published
in the conference newsletter in November 1998, and was publicly discussed
in sessions and meetings of the CfHR. The declaration will be placed
on the AAA membership ballot of 1999. If approved by the membership,
the Declaration will take its place among eleven policy statements of
the AAA that serve to articulate professional perspectives on matters
important to anthropology and anthropologists.
Events at the Annual Meeting. At the 1998 annual meeting of the AAA the CfHR sponsored
The Human Rights Directory. In January the CfHR established a list of 118 anthropologists who agree to be listed in a directory maintained by the Committee for consultation in connection with its work. Sixty-two of this group have allowed their listing to be placed on-line in the Committee?s website where they may be contacted by colleagues, journalists, or others using the on-line directory to seek information or assistance. During 1998 the CfHR Chair, with student internship assistance, contacted all Directory members to update their listings. They also contacted colleagues who presented human rights-related papers at AAA meetings, producing some 50 new individuals to be added to the on-line Directory update.
Task Groups on Women?s Rights and Ethnic Cleansing. Agenda and structure for the Women and Human Rights group chaired by Ellen Gruenbaum were developed during a special event at the 1998 annual meeting, and further discussed at the CfHR Open Forum and Business meetings. Agenda and structure for the Ethnic Cleansing group chaired by Jim Peacock were discussed at the CfHR Open Forum and Business meetings.
The Committee?s Web Site was established in 1998 as an extensive domain within the AAA?s website location. Content includes: Committee members and how to contact them; CfHR Mission and Operating Guidelines; Resources, including Contacts of Human Rights Organizations, The Human Rights Directory, A major Human Rights Bibliography, and Course Syllabi for Teaching Human Rights; and Actions and Documents of the Committee (including annual reports).
EXTERNAL HUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVES - 1998
The Pehuenche Case. The details of the Pehuenche case are recounted
in detail in documents of the CfHR?s website. To summarize: The Pehuenche
of southern Chile are being threatened by a series of hydroelectric
dams planned for the Bío-Bío river. One dam has been built,
and another, entailing the removal of about 1000 Pehuenche, is in final
stages of preparation prior to ground-breaking. The initial dam was
financed by the International Finance Corporation, a section of the
World Bank Group. When problems developed, the IFC hired anthropologist
consultant Theodore Downing to investigate, and then, prodded by the
owner-power company, ENDESA, S.A., refused to allow Downing to disclose
his findings to the Pehuenche, effectively preventing the Pehuenche
from learning about plans affecting their cultural survival. The
CfHR held both an open and a closed session at the 1997 AAA meetings
in which we heard from Dr. Downing, from World Bank officials, from
a Chilean sociologist, and others. The CfHR appointed Barbara Johnston
and Terence Turner to co-author a briefing document, which was then,
with the consent of the authors, augmented by Committee contributions.
AAA President Jane Hill reviewed and then conveyed the report to James
D. Wolfensohn, president of the World Bank Group with a March 19th letter
asking for the Bank?s response to various failures and proposed a dialog
to address the ethical bind which Bank policies had perpetrated on Dr.
Downing. Apart from a brief acknowledgment of receipt, nothing further
was heard from the Bank. The CfHR then involved the Committee
on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility of the AAAS, which held an
all-day meeting on the matter (09/09/98) to explore the case, the ethical
predicament of the anthropologist, and the situation of the World Bank.
Members of the CfHR presented information on the case. The AAAS committee
followed several days later with a letter to the Bank expressing concern
with several aspects of the case and urging that the Bank not delay
further its response to the AAA. Johnston and Turner published an overview
article of the case in the AAAS newsletter. President Hill also sent
a second letter renewing the AAA?s request. On October 21st President
Hill received a reply from James Wolfensohn. The letter can be accessed
on the CfHR website (third letter in the sequence).
The Chiapas Letter. On June 2, 1998 the CfHR received a memorandum from Dr. June Nash and others asking for the Committee?s intervention in the worsening situation in Chiapas, Mexico. Among the triggering concerns were a major massacre perpetrated on Mayan villagers at the village of Acteal, the expulsion of foreign human rights observers, and a disregard for the Accord of San Andres which committed the Mexican Government to negotiations. The CfHR alerted the officers of the AAA?s SLAA, and we drafted a letter for President Hill?s consideration. SLAA polled its board of directors and lent its support to the text. President Hill approved the letter for signature and Rudolfo Stavenhagen agreed to support and circulate it in Mexico. The letter was sent to President Zedillo in August. A reply is not expected. A letter of this sort joins letters from other groups and individuals, hopefully enhancing the attractiveness of pursuing a negotiation path and making it clear that credible international groups are observing with great concern.
Coercive Conservation. Coercive Conservation refers to the imposition of conservation efforts in ways that abuse basic human rights. The CfHR reviewed reports of coercive conservation in Zambia, and AAA President Jane Hill wrote a letter to the President of Zambia expressing concern and requesting additional information on efforts to investigate the allegations.
Dominique Gallois and the Waiampi (Brazil). On January 14, 1998 President Hill sent a letter to the President Cardoso of Brazil, his minister of justice and the president of FUNAI (Brazil?s Indian affairs agency) to express grave concern over the expulsion and harassment of Dr. Dominique Gallois of the University of Sao Paulo from further work with the Waiampi of the Brazilian state of Amapa. Our letter was also communicated to Brazilian anthropologists. The Waiampi were resisting to an invasion of gold miners, disrupting their efforts to establish a sustainable forest products project. The miners were supported by the Amapa governor, the state prosecutor, and a national congressman from the zone. They ordered her expulsion and launched 3 lawsuits against her at ruinous financial cost to her. Dr. Gallois was blamed for fomenting the Waiampi?s resistance, a claim denied by her. The AAA letter has received no reply (none expected). The function of the letter is to increase the pressure on the federal government to, in turn, constrain the state officials, and to signal that an external group is monitoring the situation. At last report (11/98) the lawsuits have been dropped but we have not yet learned whether she has been permitted to re-enter the Waiampi area. The CfHR also brought this case to the attention of the AAAS? AAASHRAN system ("AAAS Human Rights Network") which broadcasts worldwide alerts when scientists suffer unjust repression in doing their work. A case alert was distributed recommending a vigorous international letter writing campaign, and widening awareness of the case.
Assassination of Monseñor Juan José Gerardi Conedera (Guatemala). On May 14, 1998 President Hill sent a letter to the President Arzu of Guatemala protesting the assassination of Monseñor Juan José Gerardi Conedera, director of Guatemala?s Recovery of Historic Memories project days after he had made public an historic report detailing human rights abuses against Guatemala?s indigenous citizens. The Gerardi assassination was taken by others as a warning of the consequences to be suffered by any intending to increase public comment on the human rights abuses, especially against Mayans, during the Guatemalan war. No response has been received (or expected), but one notes that there have been few acts of repression in the months since the assassination, and that there has been some easing of tension and perceived threat.
Activities and Actions of the AAA Committee for Human Rights in 1999
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS - 1999
CfHR elected members (1998-1999) include Tom Greaves, chair (term ending
6/99); Robert Hitchcock (6/99 -12/99); Lucia Ann McSpadden, co-chair
(term ending 12/99); Jennifer Schrimer (12/99); Linda Rabben (12/00);
Jim Peacock (12/00); Barbara Johnston (12/01); Ellen Gruenbaum (12/01);
Megan Biesele (12/02).
To ensure that the CfHR continues to attract members with human rights expertise, and the time to serve on a committee with year-round responsibilities, the CfHR reviewed and committee membership descriptions published in the Anthropology newsletter and proposed revisions to the nominations committee.
INTERNAL ACTIONS: Addressing the membership - 1999
The AAA membership approved by overwhelming majority adoption
of the Declaration on Anthropology and Human Rights.
Task Group on Women?s Rights. Incoming CfHR member Sheila Dauer has joined Ellen Gruenbaum to cochair this Task Group. Contacts developed from the 1998 agenda-setting panel led to the formation of a scientific session on Women and Human Rights at the 1999 meeting. In this session, and at the subsequent Open Forum, the Task Group met and agreed to continue efforts to develop a white paper on ?Anthropology and Women?s Human Rights; develop a preliminary book proposal; and encourage a publication series on recent research.
Task Group on Anthropology and Ethnic Cleansing. The Task Force presented a draft report to the CfHR prior to the Fall 1999 meeting. CfHR members agreed to review and revise the paper.
CfHR sponsored events at the 1999 Annual Meeting include, in addition to the two half-day business meetings:
EXTERNAL HUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVES - 1999
The Pehuenche Case and follow up on World Bank Resettlement Policies.
In 1999 the CfHR and the Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) worked
to coordinate efforts to voice concerns and encourage meaningful response
from the World Bank and its International Finance Corporation regarding
their involvement in the Pehuenche case. Discussions included finding
ways to influence the procedures for internal review and analysis of
proposed, ongoing, and completed projects. Barbara Johnston developed
a draft comment on proposed revisions to the World Bank policies on
involuntary resettlement. The draft comment was endorsed by the CfHR,
signed by President Jane Hill and sent to the World Bank on November
2, 1999. The AAA comment was placed on the World Bank website.
Raposa Serra do Sol (Brazil). On April 2, 1999 President Jane Hill sent a letter to President Cardoso of Brazil (with copies to the Brazilian Minister of the Justice, President of FUNAI, Governor of Roraima, the Conselho Indigena de Roraima, the Brazilian ambassador to Washington, and Brazil?s director of the Secretaria Nacional dos Direitos Humanos) expressing deep concern regarding reports of violence aimed at indigenous people and their supporters in Roraima since the government announced demarcation of 1.6 million hectares of the Rapose Serra do Sol indigenous area in December 1998.
Assassination of Hernan Henao Delgado (Colombia). On May 4, 1999, Colombian anthropologist and University of Antioquia professor Hernan Henao was assassinated. Dr. Henao was the director of the Instituto de Estudios Regionales, a university research center coordinating studies of conflict, community development, environmental policy, and cultural diversity in the region surrounding Antioquia. He had most recently been working with the ?displacados? -- some 1.5 million campesinos in the northwest Caribbean coast who had been forcibly evicted from their lands by paramilitary forces working in collaboration with large landowners. On May 21, 1999 President Jane Hill, in cooperation with Joanne Rappaport, President of SLAA and in coordination with the Colombia Support Network sent a letter of concern to Colombian, Brazilian, and US Government officials,. A copy of this letter was issued as an action alert to AAA members on the CfHR human rights list serve. Dr. Henao was the seventh professor at the University of Antioquia to be murdered in the past ten years.
Proposed Revision of OMB Circular A-100. CfHR members responded to the AAA Executive Board request that AAA members review and comment on proposed revisions of OMB Circular A-100, which would have allowed public access to the underlying data of federally funded research through a Freedom of Information Act request. Individual committee members wrote letters of concern. The effort was successful.
Forced Removal of Andaman Islanders (India). The CfHR was asked by Terry Turner, emeritus member of the Committee, to express concern over proposed removal of a nomadic Jarawa tribal group in the Andaman Islands from their land, for the purposes of relocation on another island to be sedentarised. A public interest litigation suit had been filed before the Calcutta High Court Bench in the Andaman Islands requesting removal of the Jarawa. The CfHR recommended a letter of concern be sent. Terry Turner drafted a letter strongly opposing the forced resettlement that was signed by President Jane Hill and sent on August 11, 1999.
Activities and Actions of the AAA Committee for Human Rights in 2000
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS - 2000
CfHR elected members (1999-2000) include Barbara Rose Johnston (chair),
Jim Peacock, Megan Biesele, Sheila Dauer, John Haviland, Linda Rabben,
Ellen Gruenbaum, Linda Green. Members who retire at the end of the November
2000 meeting are Linda Rabben and Jim Peacock. Members whose terms begin
after the end of the November 2000 meeting are Janet Chernela (chair-elect)
and Ruben Mendoza. CfHR ex-officio members: AAA President Louise Lamphere,
AAA President-elect Don Brenneis. AAA Staff is Peggy Overbey. The CfHR
pro bono counsel is Paul Magnarella
Committee guidelines include goals, objectives and implementing strategies, and are posted on the CfHR website. At their April 1, 2000 meeting the CfHR further developed guidelines to include the following objectives: promote and protect human rights; expand the definition of human rights within an anthropological perspective; work internally with the membership of the AAA, to educate anthropologists, and to mobilize their support for human rights; work externally with foreign colleagues, the people and groups with whom anthropologists work, and other human rights organizations to develop an anthropological perspective on human rights and consult with them on human rights violations and the appropriate actions to be taken; influence and educate the media, policy makers, non-governmental organizations, and decision makers in the private sector; and, encourage research on all aspects of human rights from conceptual to applied.
Pro Bono Counsel for Human Rights. Recognizing that the work of the CfHR often involves sensitive legal issues, and that CfHR documents and related materials often contain discussion of controversies and alleged human rights abuse, the CfHR has taken actions to strengthen the review process of their public materials to insure concerns are raised in legally defensible ways. During the spring 2000 meeting, the CfHR agreed to accept anthropologist/lawyer Paul Magnarella's offer to act as pro bono counsel for the human rights committee. Counsel duties include reviewing committee minutes, reports, and action items (letters, statements, etc) before public release (on the website, to agencies or organizations, etc); and other duties as identified and deemed appropriate by the pro bono counsel and the CfHR.
During the spring 2000 meeting, the CfHR confirmed their traditional biannual business meeting schedule (one half day before and one half day during the AAA annual conference, and one day in the spring of each year) and to advertise these meeting obligations as part of the call for nominations to committee membership.
During the Fall 2000 meeting the CfHR discussed communications and case development procedures and agreed that there is a strong need to revise and publicly disseminate case submission and investigation policies that include reference to confidentiality mechanisms and communications protocols. Sheila Dauer agreed to draft a revised set of case procedures for consideration at the Spring 2001 meeting.
INTERNAL ACTIONS: Addressing the Membership
- 2000
Communications: CfHR list serve. At the November 1999 meeting
of the CfHR, the committee agreed to establish a self-moderated list-serve
for AAA members interested in human rights issues. During the spring
of 2000 the CfHR worked with AAA staff to develop list rules and advertise
the formation of the list serve in the Anthropology Newsletter and through
email postings. The list serve has been in operation since April 2000.
The list is intended for discussion of anthropology and human rights
among the members of the AAA and the AAA's Committee for Human Rights.
Topics may include, but are not limited to, discussion of cases of human
rights abuse, identification of anthropologists working in areas where
human rights issues are raised, and consideration of activities of the
Committee for Human Rights.
Task Force on Womens Rights. At the November 2000 meeting task force chairs Ellen Gruenbaum and Sheila Dauer reported that the Task Force has developed a draft "white paper" on women and human rights. This paper is being expanded to constitute a "handbook" that will focus on broad issues (cultural relativism vs. Universal human rights issues). The handbook will include case studies emerging from scientific sessions sponsored by the CfHR and the AFA over the past three years. The target audience for the handbook is people who work on WID (Women in Development), human rights community, AAA members, human rights students. The handbook will also provide tools (information to understand organizations, issues, declarations).
Task Force on Ethnic Cleansing. During the spring 2000 meeting, the CfHR agreed to continue the Ethnic Cleansing Task Force efforts to development a position paper and explore various ways to communicate Task Force findings. At the November 2000 meeting of the CfHR, Ethnic Cleansing Task Force chair Jim Peacock reported on the Ethnic Cleansing Statement. The document defines ethnic cleansing, indicates causal factors, and suggests what anthropologists can do. Omission of forensics component noted. The statement emphasis on prevention was recognized by Sheila Dauer as an important contribution, as many NGOs work reactively, not with prevention in mind. The CfHR accepted the document and Task Force contributions were gratefully acknowledged. The CfHR agreed that future use of the document will involve additional editing and refinement, and will include authorship as "a CfHR document with contributions from... " (task force contributors). The CfHR agreed to further edit the statement text to develop two versions -- one with language and tone for a disciplinary audience (published in AN and on our website); one with language and tone for media (brochure used in press kits). Revised drafts of the document will be prepared for review and comment at the Spring 2001 meeting of the CfHR.
Possible task force on Coercive Conservation. During the spring 2000 meeting, the CfHR agreed to pursue further research on coercive conservation as an international issue. The CfHR agreed to explore establishing a new task force on human rights dimensions of implementing environmental policy or conservation agreements during the November 2000 meeting. Should the new task force recommend it, the CfHR agreed to post their efforts in this area on the CfHR website. During the Fall 2000 meeting, the Anthropology and Environment section leadership expressed interest in co-sponsoring a task force examining conflicts between human rights and conservation agendas. The goal of the task force would be a position paper and summary statement of concern. Barbara Johnston will do follow up with Megan Biesele, A and E President Pete Brosius, and A and E President-elect Bonnie McCay. A task force proposal will be submitted at the spring 2001 CfHR meeting.
Language Rights as Human Rights. At the Spring 2000 meeting of the CfHR, John Haviland agreed to examine interest in a "Language Rights as Human Rights" Task Force with members of the Linguistics Section. At the Fall 2000 meeting, Haviland reported on mixed reception to the idea of a cosponsored task force, and suggested refocusing efforts on developing a session for year 2001 meetings. Interest in a session included forensic issues (language rights as part of the due process), how to guarantee process without language protection. Language policies. Refugee language rights issues (UNHCR using linguists to confirm ethnic identity). Nonstandard language rights. Haviland will do follow up work on the viability of an organized session for year 2001.
Education and Outreach: Anthropology Newsletter Articles. During the spring 2000 meeting, the CfHR agreed to expand efforts to educate membership with regular columns published in the Anthropology Newsletter. In addition to human rights committee announcements and updates authored by Barbara Johnston, the Anthropology Newsletter published the following articles from CfHR members in 2000: "Update from the Beijing Conference on Women and Human Rights" by Sheila Dauer (October 2000); "The Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples in International Law"by Paul Magnarella (April 2000); "Forensics for Justice" by Linda Rabben (May 2000); "Language Rights and the AAA Committee for Human Rights" Society for Linguistic Anthropology Column by John Haviland (September 2000.
Human Rights events at the 2000 Annual Meeting. In addition to their business meetings, the CfHR helped organize and/or cosponsored the following events at the AAA annual conference:
EXTERNAL HUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVES - 2000
During year 2000 the CfHR has continued to follow up on human rights
issues involving the peoples of the Kalahari, land rights and related
issues in Brazil, US Congressional funding for Columbia and related
impacts on indigenous peoples, and large infrastructure development
projects in Brazil, Chile and the Congo. New cases brought to
the attention of the CfHR include possible involuntary resettlement
associated with an expansion of an international commercial satellite
launch site in Alcantara, Brazil; human rights abuses directed towards
forensic anthropologists and others working towards reparations in Guatemala;
alleged involvement of anthropologists and other scientists in the abuse
of Yanomami human rights; and allegations of new instances of coercive
conservation in Africa.
Coercive Conservation. During the spring 2000 meeting, the CfHR agreed to pursue further research on coercive conservation as an international issue. The CfHR agreed to explore establishing a new task force on human rights dimensions of implementing environmental policy or conservation agreements during the November 2000 meeting. Should the new task force recommend it, the CfHR agreed to post their efforts in this area on the CfHR website.
Update on the issues involving the peoples of the Kalahari. Megan Biesele reported to the CfHR at the Fall 2000 meeting new instances of human rights abuse associated with conservation policies in the Kalahari game reserve. Recommended action points: (1) develop a CfHR 1 page position on "coercive conservation" with specific reference to the AAA human rights declaration. This statement could be used as a problem statement for the task force (item 3); and, used to accompany case-specific reports highlighting alleged abuses (mailed to NGOs and Anthropological organizations). (2) In the Kalahari case, letters of support and concern for alleged abuses should be drafted and sent to several bodies. Materials will be reviewed and additional follow up action taken at the spring 2000 meeting.
The Pehuenche Case. The CfHR continued to follow events associated with hydroelectric dam development on the Bio-Bio River, and the related plight of the Pehuenche People. In May 2000 CfHR member Linda Rabben attended a meeting at the IFC introducing the newly created Office of the Ombudsman to the NGO community. Rabben raised questions concerning the status of involuntarily displaced indigenous peoples on this IFC-funded project. In October 2000 the CfHR provided copies of its briefing paper "The Pehuenche: Human Rights, the Environment, and Hydrodevelopment on the Biobio River, Chile" and associated AAA-World Bank correspondence to Claudio Gonzalez, a Chilean sociologist working with Pehuenche peoples displaced by Pangue and Ralco Dams on the BioBio River in Chile. Gonzalez used these materials in support of his request for intervention by International Finance Corporation (IFC) Ombudsperson Meg Taylor to examine the case of involuntary displacement experienced by the Pehuenche family Sotomayor Riquelme. No additional action was requested at this time. In July 2000 the CfHR provided a copy of its briefing paper "The Pehuenche: Human Rights, the Environment, and Hydrodevelopment on the Biobio River, Chile" to the World Commission on Dams for consideration during its July 2000 meeting in South Africa. This document included a critical review of the Pehuen Foundation-- a public/private profit sharing mechanism-- and the case study helped inform the WCD's recommendations on social impact mitigation and equity participation in future dam development.
Guatemala Reparations and Human Rights concerns. At the April 2000 meeting of the CfHR Linda Rabben and Peggy Overbey reported on a presentation by Clyde Snow on the role of forensic anthropology in reparations processes in Guatemala and Argentina. The CfHR agreed to pursue the possibility of a public lecture on this topic for the year 2000 annual meeting. The CfHR, with other members of the AAA, helped raise funds for the event by soliciting cosponsorship agreements and worked with bay area-based NGOs to promote the event. In October 2000, CfHR chair Barbara Rose Johnston gave a presentation on the legal basis for reparations in human rights law at a UC Berkeley public event on Guatemalan Reparations and Human Rights. On November 2, 2000, following CfHR recommendations, a letter of concern for growing incidence of abuse of human rights workers, especially those involved in Guatemala's truth and reconciliation process, was signed by AAA President Louise Lamphere and mailed to appropriate parties. On November 16, 2000 the CfHR acted as cosponsor of the Presidential Session/public lecture entitled "Uncovering the "Disappeared": Clyde Snow and Forensic Anthropologists' Work for Justice." This session was chaired by CfHR member Jim Peacock with presentations by Clyde Snow, Fredy Peccerelli and Mimi Doretti.
Alcantara, Brazil Case. This case was brought to the CfHR attention in October 2000, shortly after the US signed a treaty with Brazil to provide funding to allow expansion of an existing military base to support commercial launching of satellites. Expansion will allegedly displace a number of afro-brazilian villages and further impact previously displaced peoples. The CfHR agreed that additional efforts were needed to corroborate alleged abuses and to identify specific actions the AAA might take. Linda Rabben agreed to play a continued role as CfHR-emeritus with this case, including, if warranted, drafting a summary of the issues and call for closer examination. The CfHR discussed strategies to inform advocacy organizations concerned with forced relocation, with the goal of introducing this concern on their advocacy agenda.
CfHR concerns over social impacts of studying the Yanomami. At the spring 2000 meeting the CfHR approved an Open Forum for the November 2000 meetings involving emeritus members of the CfHR who would update the membership on human rights issues previously dealt with by the CfHR. CfHR chair Barbara Johnston was charged with contacting emeritus members for input and suggestions and developing an Open Forum agenda. In August 2000, emeritus member Terry Turner responded to the emeriti with a request to the CfHR chair to use the Open Forum time at the upcoming AAA meetings to address allegations of human rights abuse resulting from the Napoleon Chagnon's work with the Yanomami-- published in a forthcoming book by Patrick Tierney (Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon). Turner reported that excerpts from the book would be printed in a forthcoming issue of the New Yorker. Barbara Johnston alerted the CfHR and the AAA leadership as to the forthcoming publication, and the CfHR assisted AAA leadership in identifying background documents, and anthropologists who have worked in the region. The CfHR assisted AAA leadership in developing organizational responses, including a panel discussion of the book. At their November 2000 meeting, the AAA Executive Board established a committee to review the "Darkness in El Dorado" book with specific reference to the relationship between allegations and AAA human rights and ethics statements. AAA President Louise Lamphere appointed retiring CfHR member and past AAA President Jim Peacock as committee chair. Three CfHR members and three Ethics Committee members were also appointed to this committee. The Committee will present their report and recommendations to the Executive Board at their February 2001 meeting.
ttachment 1: Comittee for Human Rights Membership
AAA COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS 2001
Megan Biesele (99-02)
Kalahari Peoples Fund
4811B Shoalwood Ave. Austin, TX 78756
512/459-1159; (h) 512/459-4745
meganbie@io.com
Home Address: 3107 Greenlawn Pkwy, Austin, TX 78757
Janet M. Chernela (00-03)
Dept. Socio and Anthro
Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
305/919-5964
chernela@umd.edu
Home Address: 4408 VanBuren St., University Park, MD 20782
Sheila Dauer (99-01)
Director, Women's HR Program
Amnesty International USA, NY, NY 10001
212/627-1451; (h) 212/663-2241
sdauer@aiusa.org
Home Address: 280 Riverside Dr, #15E, New York, NY 10025-9035
Linda Green (99-02)
Department of Anthropology
University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210030, Emil Haury Building, Tucson,
AZ 85721
520/621-2088; (h) 520/792-3487
lbgreen@u.arizona.edu
Home Address: 230 N Olsen Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719
Ellen Gruenbaum (97-01)
College of Social Sciences
California State University, Fresno, 5340 N. Campus Dr. M/S SS 91, Fresno,
CA 93740-8019
559/278-7664; (h) 559/438-7884
elleng@csufresno.edu
Home Address: 5552 N Ferger Ave, Fresno, CA 93704
John B. Haviland (99-02)
Anthropology Department
Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portand, OR 97202
503/777-7769; (h) 503/771-1197
johnh@reed.edu
Home Address: 6700 SE Reed College Place, Portland, OR 97202
Barbara Rose Johnston, Chair (97-01)
Center for Political Ecology
Box 8467, Santa Cruz, California 95018
408/978-1660
bjohnston@igc.org
Home Address: 498 Fall Creek Terrace, Felton, CA 95018
Ruben G. Mendoza (00-03)
Social Behavioral Sciences Dept
CSU - Monterrey Ba, 100 Campus Ctr., Seaside, CA 93955-8001
831/582-3566; (h) 831/442-5882
ruben_mendoza@monterey.edu
Home Address:1645 Beacon Hill Drive, Salinas, CA 93906
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Louise Lamphere (99-01)
Department of Anthropology
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
505/277-2550; (f) 505/897-9111
lamphere@unm.edu
Home Address:10417c 4th St., NW, Albuquerque, NM 87114
Donald Brenneis (99-01)
Department of Anthropology
Social Sciences I - UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
650/326-9313; (f) 831/459-5900
brenneis@ucsc.edu
Home Address: 216 Everett Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94301
AAA STAFF
William E. Davis III, Executive Director
American Anthropological Association
2200 Wilson Blvd, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22201
ext. 3011; (f) 703/528-3546
bdavis@aaanet.org
Peggy Overbey, Director, Government Relations
American Anthropological Association
2200 Wilson Blvd, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22201
ext. 3006; (f) 703/528-3546
poverbey@aaanet.org
Stacy Lathrop, Program Assistant, Government Relations
American Anthropological Association
2200 Wilson Blvd, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22201
ext. 3029, (f) 703/528-3546
slathrop@aaanet.org
ADDITIONAL SUPPORT
Paul J. Magnarella, Pro Bono Counsel
Department of Anthropology,
University of Florida, 441 Grinter Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611
352/393-6929
Paulmag@anthro.ufl.edu
EMERITUS CfHR MEMEBERS
George Appell
Borneo Research Council
Phillips, ME 04966
207/639-4500
Tom Greaves
Sociology/Anthropology
Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837
570/577-3543; (h) 570/523-8880
greaves@bucknell.edu
Robert K. Hitchcock
Department of Anthropology
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0368
402/472-9642; (h) 402/475-5029
rkh@unlserve.unl.edu
Lucia Ann McSpadden
Life & Peace Institute
Sandpoint Dr., Richmond, CA 94804
510/237-4816
lmcspad@igc.org
Ellen Messer, Director
World Hunger Program
Box 1831, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
401/863-2192; (h) 617/782-7062
MesserE1@wwic.si.edu
Victor Montejo
Native American Studies
University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
530/752-7097; (h) 530/666-3125
vmontejo@ucdavis.edu
Carole Nagengast
Dept of Anthropology
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
505/277-0874; (h) 505/268-2248
cnagenga@unm.edu
Jim Peacock
Dept of Anthropology
Univ. N. Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3115, 306 Alumni Building, Chapel
Hill, NC 27599-3115
919/962-1613; (h) 919/929-5815
peacock@unc.edu
or
Univ. Center for International Studies, Univ. of N. Carolina at Chapel
Hill
919/962-5375
Home Address: 306 North Boundary Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Linda Rabben
Lincoln Ave., Takoma Park, MD 20912
301/270-3003
lrabben@igc.org
Jennifer Schirmer
Center for International Affairs
Cambridge, MA 02138
617/496-8562; (h) 617/576-3676
jschirm@fas.harvard.edu
Home Address: 15 Gerry St., Cambridge, MA 02138
Les Sponsel
Dept of Anthropology
University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822
808/956-4893; (h) 808/396-9334
sponsel@hawaii.edu
Terence S. Turner
Eddy St., Ithaca, NY 14850
607/273-1032, 607/255-3747
tst3@cornell.edu
Deceased Member
Dr. Patrick Morris
Attachment 2
Selected human rights-related publications by CfHR members during
their years of service.
Human Rights-related publications by CfHR members during year 2000.
Book Series. Barbara Rose Johnston, Series Editor, Preface author. "Endangered Peoples: Struggles to Survive and Thrive in a Globalized World" (Greenwood Pub. Group, Westport, Connecticut). Volume editors Les Sponsel, Tom Greaves, and Robert Hitchcock are all former chairs of the CfHR, and a number of CfhR emeritus members are contributing authors to this series. Volumes on Endangered Peoples of Southeast and East Asia (Leslie Sponsel, ed.); Endangered Peoples of the Arctic (Milton Freeman, ed.) published in April 2000. Endangered Peoples of Oceania (Judith Fitzpatrick, ed.) published January 2001. Endangered Peoples of Latin America (Susan Stonich, ed.); Endangered Peoples of Europe (Jean Forward, ed.); Endangered Peoples of North America (Tom Greaves, ed.) to be released in March 2001. Endangered Peoples of Africa and the Middle East (Robert Hitchcock, ed.) and Endangered Peoples of Central and South Asia (Barbara Brower, ed.) in press (May 2001 scheduled publication date).
Book. Paul Magnarella. Justice in Africa: Rwanda's Genocide, Its National Courts, and the UN Criminal Tribunal. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Press, 2000. (Recipient of the Association of Third World Studies "Book of the Year 2000" Award).
Book. Linda Rabben, Fierce Legion of Friends: A History of Human Rights Campaigns and Campaigners. Forthcoming.
Book. Linda Green, Fear as a Way of Life: Mayan Widows in Rural Guatemala. New York: Columbia University Press. In Press.
Book. Linda Green, Mayas, Snow Peas and La violencia, in Fourth World Rising: Studies in Indigenous Peoples. Politics in the Americas series, Gerald Sider and Kirk Dombrosky series eds. Omaha: University of Nebraska Press. In Press.
Book. Ellen Gruenbaum, The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2001 (Dec. 2000)
Monograph. Megan Biesele and Steve Barclay. "Ju/íhoan Women's Tracking Knowledge and its Contribution to their Husbandsí Hunting Success." In African Study Monographs, Supplement 27. January 2000 (1-18). Kyoto, Japan.
Edited Volume. Paul Magnarella, "Human Rights and Human Diversity" in Global Bioethics (Guest Editor) Vol. 12, No. 1 (2000) In Press.
Coedited Volume. Linda Green and Lesly Gill. Biting the Bullet: Economic Restructuring Military Reorganization, and Everyday Life in the Americas and Southern Africa. (Santa Fe: School of American Research Publications). Book Chapter. "Democracy and Impunity in Post-War Guatemala: Liberal Discourse and Lived Reality" Forthcoming.
Book Chapter. "Is Female Circumcision a Maladaptive Cultural Practice?" by Ellen Gruenbaum. In Female Circumcision in Africa: Culture, Change, and Controversy. Ed. Betting Shell-Duncan and Ylva Hernlund, Boulder: Lynn Rienner Press, 2000.
Book Chapter. "Indivisible or Invisible: Women's Rights in the Public and Private Sphere" by Sheila Dauer. In Women and Human Rights: A Global Perspective, Rutgers University Press.
Book Chapter. Barbara Rose Johnston, "The Anthropology of Trouble: Ideals, Experiences, and Hard-learned Lessons" in Thinking and Engaging the Whole: Essays on Roy Rappaport's Anthropology, edited by Ellen Messer and Michael Lambeck. (University of Michigan Press). In press.
Book Chapter. Jim Peacock, "Belief Beheld Again: Inside and Outside the Anthropology of Religion." Thinking and Engaging the Whole: Essays on Roy Rappaport's Anthropology. Eds. Ellen Messer and Michael Lambek. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. In Press.
Book Chapter. Megan Biesele and R.B. Lee. "Local Cultures and Global Systems: the Ju/íhoansi/!Kung Forty Years," In Longterm Fieldwork in Social and Cultural Anthropology, R. Kemper and E. Colson, eds., 2 Ed. New York: Academic Press. In Press.
Book Chapter. Megan Biesele and Bob Hitchcock. "Ju/íhoan-Language Education in Namibia and its Relevance for Minority-Language Education in Botswana" in Botswana: The Future of the Minority Languages, H. Batibo and B. Smieja, eds., Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 2000.
Book Chapter. Barbara Rose Johnston, "Anthropology and Environmental Justice: Analysts, Advocates, Mediators and Troublemakers" in Anthropology and the Environment, edited by Carole Crumley. (New York: Routledge). In press.
Book Chapter. Barbara Rose Johnston, "Human Environmental Rights" in Human Rights: New Perspectives, New Realities, Second Edition, edited by Adamantia Pollis and Peter Schwab. (New York: Praeger Publishers). 2000.
Book Chapter. Barbara Rose Johnston, "Human Rights and the Environment" in Classics of Practicing Anthropology:1978-1998, edited by Patricia Higgins and J. Anthony Parades. (Oklahoma City:Society for Applied Anthropology). Reprinted from Practicing Anthropology 16:1 (1994): 8-12.
Book Chapter. Jim Peacock, "Action Comparativism: Efforts toward a Global and Comparative yet Local and Active Anthropology" In Directions in Comparativism. Andre Gingrich and Richard Fox, eds. London: Routledge. In Press.
Journal Article, Paul Magnarella. "Achieving Human Rights in Africa: The Challenge for the New Millennium," African Studies Quarterly v. 4, n. 2 (2000). "http://www.clas.ufl.edu/africa/asq/" www.clas.ufl.edu/africa/asq/
Journal Article, Paul Magnarella. "Promoting Peace, Human Rights and National Security: Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa," in Social Justice, Anthropology, Peace and Human Rights, 1:1-4 (2000):99-110.
Volume Preface, Paul Magnarella. "The Challenges of Women's Activism and Human Rights in Africa, Diana Fox & Naima Hasci (eds.) Women's Studies Vol. 20. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2000.
Journal Article. Barbara Rose Johnston, "Nuclear Compensation in the Marshall Islands" with Holly Barker. Cultural Survival Quarterly (Summer 2000).
Bulletin Chapter. Barbara Rose Johnston, "Anthropology and Human Rights" in Bulletin of the National Association of Practicing Anthropologists (NAPA), Special issue on practitioner profiles, edited by Paula Sabloff. (American Anthropological Association). 2000.
Bulletin Article. Jim Peacock, "Theory and Practice in Anthropology and by Anthropologists,"Bulletin of the National Association of Practicing Anthropologists (NAPA) #8. Carole E. Hill, ed. American Anthropological Association. 2000.
Newsletter Article. Jim Peacock, "Eye to Ear and Mouth to Hand," Anthropologist Newsletter, March 2000.
Newsletter Article. Sheila Dauer, "Update from the Beijing Conference on Women and Human Rights" Anthropology News, October 2000.
Newsletter Article. Paul Magnarella, "The Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples in International Law" Anthropology News, April 2000.
Newsletter Article. Linda Rabben, "Forensics for Justice" Public Affairs Column, Anthropology News, May 2000.
Newsletter Article, John B. Haviland, "Language Rights and the AAA Committee for Human Rights" Society for Linguistic Anthropology Column, Anthropology News,, September 2000.
Article. Jim Peacock, "Remember Who You Are" (Commentary on Identity), Ideas. National Humanities Center, Vol. 6, no.2, 2000, pp. 25-26.
Article. Jim Peacock, "Public or Perish," Global View. UCIS, Winter 2000.
Encyclopedia Article. Jim Peacock, "Values," In Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, eds. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Elsevier Science Limited. In Press.
Policy Paper. Barbara Rose Johnston, "Reparations and the Right to Remedy" Briefing Paper Prepared for the World Commission on Dams. July 2000. Thematic Review #13, elements incorporated into the WCD final report (November 16, 2000). Thematic Review accessible on the WCD website.
Human Rights-related publications of the CfHR in
1999 include:
Book. Old Man Fog and the Last Aborigines of Barrow Point. John
Haviland with Roger Hart, illustrated by the late Tulo Gordon. Washington
DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998 (released 1999).
Coedited Volume. Negotiating Power and Place at the Margins: Selected Papers on Refugees and Immigrants, Vol. VII. Lucia Ann McSpadden and J. Lipson, eds. Washington DC: American Anthropological Association. 1999.
Coedited Monograph. Tranforming Academia. Linda Basch, Lucy Saunders, Jagan Scharff, and James Peacock, eds. American Athnological Society Monograph #8, 1999.
Book Chapter. "Assessing Essential Qualities of Communities: Eritrean Refugees' Resistance and Return" by Lucia Ann McSpadden. In Negotiating Power and Place at the Margins: Selected Papers on Refugees and Immigrants, Vol. VII. Lucia Ann McSpadden and J. Lipson, eds. Washington DC: American Anthropological Association. 1999:75-104.
Book Chapter. "Introduction" by Lucia Ann McSpadden. In Risking Return: NGOs in the Guatemalan Refugee Repatriation, Liam Mahony. Uppsala, Sweden: Life and Peace Institute. 1999.
Book Chapter. "Introduction" by Lucia Ann McSpadden. In Displaced Promises: Forced Migration, refuge and return in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovia, by Paul Stubbs. Uppsala, Sweden: Life and Peace Institute. 1999.
Book Chapter. ?Embrace and Resistance: Sudanese Rural Women and Systems of Power? by Ellen Gruenbaum. In Pragmatic Women and Body Politics, Margaret Lock and Pat Kaufert, eds., Cambridge Univ. Press. 1999:58-77.
Book Chapter. ?The United States, Development and Indigenous Peoples? by Robert Hitchcock. In The United States and Human Rights: Looking Outward and Inward, David Forsythe, ed. Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press). In Press.
Book Chapter. "Bringing the Past into the Present: Groups of Relatives of the Disappeared in Latin America" by Jennfier Schrimer. In Human Rights: Positive Policies in Asia and the Pacific Rim, John D. Montgomery, ed. Human Rights Program, basin Research Center, Kennedy School of Government and Hollis Publishing. 1999:225-246.
Encyclopedia Article. ?Genocide of Indigenous Peoples? by Robert Hitchcock. In Encyclopedia of Genocide, Israel W. Charney, ed. Tel Aviv, Israel: Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide.
Encyclopedia Article. ?Africa? by Robert Hitchcock. In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers, Richard B. Lee and Richard Daly, eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999:175-184.
Encyclopedia Article. ?The Tyua of Northeastern Botswana and Northwestern Zimbabwe? by Robert Hitchcock. In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers, Richard B. Lee and Richard Daly, eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999:225-229.
Encyclopedia Article. ?Indigenous Peoples Rights? and the Struggle for Survival? by Robert Hitchcock. In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers, Richard B. Lee and Richard Daly, eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999:480-486.
Journal Article. ?Resources, Rights and Resettlement among the San of Botswana? by Robert Hitchcock in Cultural Survival Quarterly 22(45):51-55, 1999.
Article. "The Guatemalan Politico-Military Project. Legacies of a Violent Peace?" by Jennfier Schrimer. In Latin American Perspectives, Special Issue on Central America. 26(2):92-107, March 1999.
Article. "The Guatemalan Military and the Peace Accords" by Jennfier Schrimer. In Oxford Analytica. Oxford, England. May 1999.
Article. "Action Targets Detention Conditions in Brazil" by Linda Rabben. In Amnesty Now, Summer 1999.
Policy Document. ?Reconceptualizing Human Environmental Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Testing in the Marshall Islands:Damage and Loss from a Rongelap Perspective? by Barbara Rose Johnston and Holly Barker. Republic of the Marshall Islands, Nuclear Claims Tribunal, Office of the Public Advocate. October 1999.
Human Rights publications generated by CfHR Members
in 1998 include:
Book. The Guatemalan Military Project: A Violence Called Democracy
by Jennifer Schirmer. (Human Rights Series). Philadelphia: University
of Pennsylvania Press. 1998. Spanish edition: Las Intimidades del Terror:
el proyecto politico de los militares en Guatemala, with a preface by
Edelberto Torres-Rivas. FLACSO-Guatemala. 1999. (Winner of the 1999
PIOOM Biannual Book Award Interdisciplinary Research Programme on Root
Causes of Human Rights Violations granted by the Universities of Amsterdam,
Utrecht, and Leiden).
Book. Unnatural Selection. Can the Yanomami and Kayapo Survive Civilization? by Linda Rabben. London: Pluto Press. 1998.
Edited Volume. Water, Culture and Power. John M. Donahue and Barbara Rose Johnston, eds. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 1998.
Book Chapter. ?Culture, Power and the Hydrological Cycle: Creating and Responding to Water Scarcity on St. Thomas, Virgin Islands? by Barbara Rose Johnston. In Water, Culture and Power. John M. Donahue and Barbara Rose Johnston, eds. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 1998: 285-312.
Book Chapter. ?Water Rights in the Pacific Northwest? by Tom Greaves. In Water, Culture and Power. John M. Donahue and Barbara Rose Johnston, eds. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 1998:35-46.
Book Chapter. "'I Must Have My Rights!' The Presence of State Power in the Resettlement of Ethiopian and Eritrean Refugees" by Lucia Ann McSpadden. In Power, Ethics, and Human Rights: Anthropological Studies of Refugee Research and Action, R.M. Krufeld and J.L. MacDonald, eds. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 1998:147-172.
Book Chapter. "'Power and Contradictions in Repatriation: Negotiations for the Return of 500,000 Eritrean Refugees" by Lucia Ann McSpadden. In The End of the Refugee Cycle? Refugee Repatriation and Reconstruction, K. Koser and R. Black, eds. Oxford: Berghahn Press. 1998:69-84.
Book Chapter. "Generating the Political Will for Portecting the Rights of Refugees" by Lucia Ann McSpadden. In The Future of the United Nations System,, C.F. Alger, ed. International Peace Research Association. Tokyo: UN University Press. 1998:282-314.
Book Chapter. "Negotiating Masculinity in the Development of SOcial Place: Eitrean and Ethiopian Refugees in the U.S. and Sweden" by Lucia Ann McSpadden. In Engendering Forced Migration: Theorya nd Practice, D. Indra (ed). Oxford: Berghahn Press. 1998:242-260.
Book Chapter. "Bringing the Past into the Present: Groups of Relatives of the Disappeared in Latin America" by Jennifer Schirmer. Human Rights: Positive Policies in Asia, Latin America and the Pacific. Hollis Pub. Co. 1998.
Book Chapter. "Prospects for Compliance: The Guatemalan Military and the Peace Accords" by Jennifer Schirmer. In, Guatemala After the Peace Accords (R.Sieder, ed). ILAS, University of London. 1998.
Journal Article. "Democratization and the Legacies of Violence in Guatemala" by Jennifer Schrimer. Latin American Perspectives (forthcoming).
Policy Paper, Journal Article. ?The Pehuenche:Human Rights, the Environment, and Hydrodevelopment on the Biobio River, Chile?Barbara Rose Johnston and Terence Turner. American Anthropological Association Committee for Human Rights. Published on the AAA web, revised version in press in the journal Identities.
Policy Paper. ?Prospects for Compliance: The Guatemalan Military and the Peace Accords. Working Papers on Latin America? by Jennifer Schirmer. The David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard, PaperNo. 98/99-1.
Human Rights Publications generated by CfHR members
in 1997 include:
Edited Journal volume. The Committee-organized AAA panel at the 1995
Annual Meeting has become a special issue (volume 53, number 3, 1997)
of the Journal of Anthropological Research, "Human Rights vs.
Cultural Relativity." Terence Turner and Carole Nagengast, eds.
Journal Article. ?Introduction: Universal Human Rights versus Cultural Relativity? by Carole Nagengast and Terence Turner. Journal of Anthropological Research (53:3) 1997.
Journal Article. ?Human Rights, Human Difference: Anthropology's Contribution to an Emancipatory Cultural Politics? by Terence Turner. Journal of Anthropological Research (53:3) 1997.
Journal Article. ?Pluralists' Approach to Human Rights? by Ellen Messer. Journal of Anthropological Research (53:3) 1997.
Journal Article. ?Women, Minorities, and Indigenous Peoples: Universalism and Cultural Relativity? by Carole Nagengast. Journal of Anthropological Research (53:3) 1997.
Book manuscript. International Human Rights, Indigenous Peoples and the Environment. by Patrick Morris and Robert Hitchcock, eds. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press). Forthcoming.
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